About the origin of the Earth and the creatures that multiplied on it: a story of creation, destruction and regeneration.

Two views of geological time

1. The order in which bacteria, other microscopic organisms, shelly invertebrates, plants, mammals and humans first appear in the fossil record is shown clockwise around a dial representing geological time, as determined by radioisotope dating. For the first 3 billion years the pace of evolution (if that is how to interpret what is going on) remains puzzlingly slow, until a bewildering array of macroscopic organisms appears, abruptly and belatedly, in the Palaeozoic.

Evolution Timescale


2. The same order of appearance is represented in much the same way, but here the 600 million years allocated to the Hadean are identified with the closing stages of the antediluvian period, culminating in the 40 days of wrath described in the Genesis tradition. Rates of radioisotope decay, which determine the timescale, are postulated to have accelerated during this interval. Then followed the 1.5 billion years of the Archaean, the beginning of which is identified with the remaining Flood period and the emergence of dry land. From here on, rates of radioactivity slowed down. The 550 million years between the first appearance of shelly invertebrates and the first appearance of large mammals equates to tens of thousands of years in real time. The overall pattern is one of gradual recovery from a universal cataclysm.

Creation Timescale


More on how the Hadean and Archaean fit into Earth history may be found at:
The Hadean Cataclysm
Water, water everywhere
Worlds in collision – a false start

For a view of how the fossil record looks when radioisotope time is converted to an approximation of true time, see:
Time out of all proportion?



This page was last modified: 7th September 2007